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The wastegates are valves that are designed to vent exhaust away from the turbine when opened, preventing an overspin condition where the turbo either produces too much boost pressure or literally tears itself apart. These valves are opened using spring-loaded actuators that are connected to the intake system. When the boost signal line reaches a desired pressure, it overcomes the spring in the actuator, which then pushes open the wastegate. When you let off the accelerator under boost, the throttle plates snap shut while the turbo compressors are still pushing a lot of air, creating a momentary high-pressure condition in the intake piping called "compressor surge." To relieve this pressure and prevent damage to the intake and compressor, there are recirculation valves fitted into the high-pressure intake piping that vent air back to the low-pressure (suction) side of the intake. Some people replace these with blow-off valves that (noisily) vent the excess pressure to the atmosphere. The downside to that is that they're venting metered air.
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